系统梳理1998年民用航天管理机构调整，特别是2005年天地一体化结构调整实施以及国家科技重大专项高分辨率对地观测系统（下称高分专项）从2007年开始论证到实施至今10余年发展历程，揭示行业发展基本规律，首次将中国民用遥感行业发展划分为4个阶段，阐述了每个阶段主要特征、面临的问题以及创新管理实践；首次将高分专项十年历程明确为一个发展阶段，提出本行业未来发展要在高分专项阶段成果基础上，推动遥感行业继“由试验应用型向业务服务型转变”成功后，向“体系效能型”转变，再次引领和推动中国对地观测新体系建设。

This paper comprehensively and systematically reviews the course of the civil earth observation field (remote sensing industry) in China in the past 20 years, especially the 13-year implementation of the structure adjustment of Space-earth integration and the 10-year development course of the "Major Special Project of High Resolution Earth Observation System" from demonstration to implementation, reveals the basic law of the development of the industry, divides the development of the civil remote sensing industry into four stages for the first time, and divides it into four stages for the first time. This paper elaborates the main characteristics, problems and innovative management practices of each stage, defines for the first time the 10-year course of "Major Special Project of China High Resolution Earth Observation System(CHEOS)" as a development stage, and puts forward that the future development of this industry should be based on the achievements of CHEOS to promote the remote sensing industry to "System Effectiveness". Following the success of the transformation from experimental application to business service, the new system of Earth Observation in China will be led and promoted again.