近几年来，中国的对地观测卫星激光测高技术发展较快，资源三号02星上搭载了国内首台对地观测的卫星激光测高试验载荷，在后续的高分七号、陆地生态系统碳监测卫星上均装备业务化应用的激光测高仪，开展国产对地观测卫星激光测高数据质量分析研究非常必要，能有效填补国内空白并推动相关技术发展。本文对资源三号02星载荷的激光测高数据进行了严密几何处理，重点从夜间观测、卫星小角度侧摆、海面区域等不同条件下的数据质量进行了分析，对数据的平均可用率进行了统计分析。试验表明，资源三号02星激光测高仪能获得约30%有效测高数据，在夜间数据有效利用率略有提高，在大型水面也能获得有效数据，经后处理后在平坦地区验证的绝对高程精度优于1.0 m，部分点高程精度优于0.5 m，硬件本身的测距精度和卫星姿态测量误差是主要的误差源。相关结论对于后续国产卫星激光测高载荷的研制以及数据后处理和应用具有参考价值。

Civilian earth observation satellite laser altimetry has developed rapidly in recent years. The ZY-3 02 satellite was launched and loaded as the first Chinese earth-observing satellite laser altimeter. The GF-7 satellite and terrestrial ecosystem carbon monitoring satellite with laser altimeter will be launched in the next several years. Analyzing the quality of national laser altimetry data is important to fill in the knowledge gap and boost the development of civilian laser altimetry technique.
All the laser altimetry data in this study were processed using the rigorous geometric model. The data availability ratio and quality of the sea surface or during the side swing of the satellite was analyzed. The absolute elevation accuracy of laser footprint points was also evaluated using high-precision referenced terrain data.
The availability ratio of ZY-3 02 laser altimetry data was approximately 30%. On the flat terrain, the quality and availability were relatively better than those of other terrains, and the absolute elevation accuracy could reach 1.0 m on flat terrains.
The ZY-3 02 satellite laser altimeter can obtain efficient laser data during the on-orbit experiment, and the total availability is not high. However, it is relatively better at night and on flat regions. Intrinsic ranging error and attitude measurement error are the main sources of satellite laser elevation accuracy. The conclusion may be useful for the future national satellite laser altimeter.