2013年9月和10月，习近平主席在出访中亚和东南亚国家期间，先后提出了共建“丝绸之路经济带”和“21世纪海上丝绸之路”（简称“一带一路”）的重大倡议。要全面保护“一带一路”区域生态环境，实现2030年可持续发展目标，是一个具有挑战性的问题。遥感技术对生态环境监测与评价发挥着十分重要的作用。本研究利用多尺度、多源遥感数据，对2015年“一带一路”区域的生态环境状况进行监测和分析，旨在提供可持续发展目标生态环境遥感监测的本底。本文选取了几个重要的生态环境方面开展监测与分析，主要包括宏观生态系统结构和植被状况、太阳能资源分布、水资源平衡、主要生态环境限制因素对经济走廊建设的影响、主要城市生态环境质量等。监测区域覆盖亚洲、非洲、欧洲和大洋洲的陆上区域。研究结果为生态环境评价与保护提供了有效的决策依据，有助于“一带一路”建设积极推进。

The Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (hereinafter called Belt and Road) initiative was proposed in 2013. The comprehensive protection of the ecological environment of the Belt and Road region for Sustainable Development Goals 2030 (SDGs 2030) presents a challenge. Remote Sensing technology plays an important role in the monitoring and assessment of the ecological environment. In this research, the ecological environment status of the Belt and Road region in 2015 was monitored and analyzed as baseline of the SDGs 2030 by using multiscale, multisource remote sensing data. Several important ecological environmental issues of concern in SDGs 2030 were investigated, including macroscopic ecosystem patterns, vegetation status, solar energy resource distribution, water resource balance, main ecological environmental constraint factors on economic corridor construction, and major urban ecological quality. The monitored areas include Asia, Africa, Europe, and Oceania along the Belt and Road region. Results of this study provide useful basis for policy decision making in eco-environmental evaluation and protection and for the scientific implementation of the Belt and Road initiative.