五十多年来，全球性对地观测已形成强大的技术能力和系统体系，在不同应用领域发挥了重要作用。随着对陆地、大气、海洋研究的深入，地球系统科学和全球变化研究正在向空间对地观测技术提出新的重大战略性需求。本文描述了面向全球变化应对、发展全球变化系列科学卫星的方案；提出面向宏观地球科学现象探测、构建月基对地观测系统的设想；同时，作为宏观地球科学现象研究的一个方向，论述了利用地球科学卫星和月基对地观测技术开展全球变化“三极”对比研究的思路。

In the past 50 years, global Earth observation has formed strong technological abilities and comprehensive systems, and played a significant role in different fields. With in-depth research on land, atmosphere and oceans, a new strategic demand for Earth Observation from space is coming forth from Earth system science and global change research. In this paper, we have proposed a new series of satellites-scientific satellites for global change research, which includes the following six satellites:atmospheric carbon satellite, aerosol satellite, night-light satellite, forest biomass satellite, glacier satellite and ocean salinity satellite; and we have presented our new suggestion entitled of "Establishing a Moon-based Earth observation system", which focuses on the observation of large scale geoscientific phenomena for its several unique advantages. Meanwhile, we have introduced our idea of a "Earth observation for the three poles environment comparison research", which approaches to study global change with new Earth observation techniques including Moon-based platform and scientific satellites.