高光谱成像技术具有光谱分辨率高、图谱合一的独特优势，是遥感技术发展以来最重大的科技突破之一。中国的高光谱遥感发展与国际基本同步，在国家和省部级科研项目的支持下，解决了高光谱遥感信息机理、图像处理和多学科应用等方面多项世界性难题，有效解决了高光谱遥感理论研究与多领域应用中的关键技术瓶颈，实现了在农业、地矿、环境、文物保护等多领域的成功应用，产生了显著的社会经济效益。本文回顾了中国高光谱遥感技术的前沿研究进展，总结分析了取得的主要创新性成果。

Hyperspectral Remote Sensing (HRS), also known as hyperspectral imaging, has been considered one of the greatest breakthroughs in the remote sensing science and technology, attributed to its unique advantages in very high spectral resolutions as well as allowing for the synchronous acquisition of both images and spectra of objects. China, as one of the pioneers in HRS technology development, has made great achievements in both hypersepctral image processing and subsequent applications to real world problems under the supports of national and ministerial and provincial-level governments. These advances have bridged the gap between the most advanced theoretical contributions and their actual use in a number of applications including agriculture, mineral and energy resource exploration, environment, preservation of cultural relics, producing really rare and invaluable societal and economical impacts. This paper reviews current progresses in HRS in China, presenting main innovative achievements.