随着国家空间基础设施的建设和发展，中国遥感监测体系研究与建设取得了重大突破，从无到有形成了国家环境遥感监测能力，并业务化实现了主要环境遥感监测要素产品的生产与服务，为新时期环境管理工作提供了有力支撑。在分析国内外环境遥感发展及中国环境遥感监测需求的基础上，阐述了中国环境监测体系建设的必要性，研究了国家环境遥感监测体系的建立与业务化运行，提出了中国环境遥感监测体系发展思路与下一步重点任务。

With the construction and development of the national space infrastructure, many breakthroughs have been made in the research and construction of remote sensing monitoring systems in China. The national capability for environmental remote sensing monitoring has been developed independently. The operation of production and service for the main environmental remote sensing monitoring elements is achieved; such operation has provided strong support for national environmental management in the new period. Firstly, on the basis of the analysis of the domestic and international development of environmental remote sensing and the application demands of environmental remote sensing monitoring in China, this paper elaborates on the necessity and urgency of developing environmental remote sensing monitoring systems in the country. At present, the demand of environmental remote sensing applications continues to increase. Application demands for remote sensing of atmospheric environment include the atmospheric particulates near surface and haze monitoring, the distribution of burning point and ecological impact of straw burning monitoring, dust, polluted gases and greenhouse gases monitoring. Application demands for remote sensing of water environment include bloom, water quality, flooding monitoring, risk sources of source of drinking water monitoring, water ecology, human activities of river shore monitoring, and ecological condition of the catchment area monitoring. Application demands for remote sensing of ecological environment include investigation and assessment of national ecological environment, human activity monitoring in natural protection area, habitat monitoring in biodiversity priority area, destruction of the ecological resources monitoring in the development zone, and the ecological monitoring in the ecological protection red line area, urban and rural areas, ecological function region, cross-border area. Secondly, the establishment and operation of the national environmental remote sensing monitoring system are investigated, which is composed of satellite system, technique system and operation system. An environmental special satellite monitoring system which is composed of HJ-1, GF-5 and atmospheric environmental monitoring satellites etc., a suit of water, atmospheric, ecological environmental remote sensing technology which are proposed by Satellite Environment CenterMinistry of Environmental Protection, and the environmental remote sensing operation system composed of atmospheric monitoring, water monitoring, ecological monitoring and environment supervision are introduced in turn. The long time practice has proved that the setup and operation of the national environmental remote sensing monitoring system has providing the key support and efficient service for China's environmental protection work. Finally, the development of China's environmental remote sensing monitoring system and focus on the next step are proposed.