地理国情监测作为大数据时代测绘地理信息领域一个新的、重要战略方向，其发展迫切需要顶层设计与新型技术的支撑，需要建立一种灵活、高效、低成本的大数据处理模式与服务方式。本文以地理国情监测与大数据研究相结合为切入点，阐述了地理国情大数据的分类及特点，提出了云计算环境下地理国情大数据研究架构，并从地理国情大数据存储、处理、挖掘、应用服务4个方面探讨了地理国情大数据云平台建设思路。本文将有助于地理国情监测的生产方式与服务模式变革，推动地理国情监测的广泛应用与产业化发展。

Geographical Conditions Monitoring (GCM) is a novel and important aspect in the development of geoinformation science in the age of big data. Its development needs top-level design, new technology, and the establishment of a more flexible, efficient, and low cost service mode. This paper first explains the sources and characteristics of Geographical Condition and Big Data (GCBD), which mainly comprises eight types of data, namely, Earth observation data, basic geographic information data, geographical condition census data, geographical condition monitoring change data, ground observation data, survey and investigation data, statistics data, and public source geospatial data. GCBD involves five Vs, namely, volume, variety, velocity, veracity, and value, and exhibits the characteristics of regionality, objectivity, and dynamicity. A research framework of GCBD in the cloud computing environment is then presented. A deep transformation of "geographical data, geographical information, and geographical conditions" must be achieved through the establishment of a "space-aviation-ground" integrated monitoring network, a big data warehouse and cloud computing center, and a big data service environment to provide active, intelligent, integrated, and specialized service for the public, enterprises, and governments. Finally, building a cloud platform of GCBD is discussed from the perspectives of data storage, processing, mining, and application service. The cloud platform can fulfill the requirements of GCM in rapid data processing, data mining, intelligent service, and public application. The establishment of the GCBD framework can significantly change the service mode of GCM and promote its wide application and industrialized development.