遥感影像相对辐射校正是一项基础的数据预处理工作，用于去除影像整体的辐射不均匀性、条带噪声、坏线等辐射问题，经过30多年的发展，已形成几十种不同的相对辐射校正方法和算法。面对种类众多的相对辐射校正方法，它们之间的区别和关联是什么，每种方法的特点是什么，如何选择合适的校正方法，是3个亟需解决的问题。围绕这3个问题，第一，本文以相对辐射校正系数获取的不同方式为原则，将现有的相对辐射校正方法分为3大类：定标法、统计法和综合法，使该分类体系能够反映各类校正方法的区别和关联。第二，在新的分类体系下，给出了定标法、统计法、综合法的数学模型表达，详细介绍了3类方法包含的每种具体的校正方法和算法，比较分析了每种方法的基本思想、原理和优缺点。第三，从影像辐射不均匀特征、影像几何特征、传感器定标、影像综合特征4个方面，对各种校正方法的适用性进行综合分析，给出了科学合理地选择相对辐射校正方法的建议，同时结合具体应用实例进行了实验验证。最后，分析了相对辐射校正研究的发展趋势和存在的问题，有效信息和噪声的计算机判定准则、相对辐射校正效果的评价体系、相对辐射校正对于后续的绝对辐射校正结果的影响是下一步需要深入研究的问题。

Relative radiometric correction of remote sensing images is a basic data preprocessing technique used to eliminate radiometric problems in images such as non-uniformity, stripe noises, and defective lines. Over the past 30 years, numerous relative radiometric correction methods and algorithms have been developed. This situation brings up three questions. (1) What are the differences and relationships among these methods? (2)What are the characteristics of each method? (3) How is a suitable method selected? To answer these questions, the methods are first classified into three categories: calibration-based, scene-based, and comprehensive methods. Second, the mathematical models of the three categories of methods are provided in the new classification system. Then, each method is introduced and compared with the others. Third, the applicability of the methods is comprehensively analyzed according to the following aspects: non-uniformity characteristics, geometric characteristics, sensor calibration, and the comprehensive characteristics of images. Suggestions on selecting a suitable method are provided, and an example of image correction is demonstrated. Finally, the research tendency and several existing problems of relative radiometric correction are analyzed. The computer criteria for signal and noises, the evaluation system, and the influence on subsequent absolute corrections require further studies.