利用风云三号卫星搭载的紫外臭氧总量探测仪(TOU)和国际同类卫星的臭氧总量数据对1979年—2011年北半球春季臭氧特征进行了分析,发现北极臭氧年际变化显著,它与平流层温度变化一致(相关系数为0.75)。北极臭氧损耗异常强弱年的月均和日变化特征有明显差异,春季北极臭氧损耗强年有明显的化学损耗过程(1997年和2011年),而弱年化学作用影响不明显(1999年和2010年)。损耗弱年的日变化型在不同年份特征不同,它的臭氧变化可能更多受天气过程的影响。综合分析北极涛动、极涡和平流层温度等大气环流背景场的变化,表明春季北极臭氧损耗强弱受大气环流变化影响。北极涛动指数正位相,极涡偏强偏冷,北极臭氧损耗异常偏高。北极涛动指数负位相,极涡偏弱偏暖,北极臭氧损耗异常偏低。

The interannual variations of the Arctic total column ozone in springs from 1979 to 2011 are analyzed using measurements of the Total Ozone Unit (TOU) onboard the second generation polar orbiting meteorological satellite of China, Fengyun-3 (FY-3/TOU) and other satellite instruments. It is found that the interannual variations are very distinct and are connected with the stratospheric temperatures (with a correlation coefficient of 0.75). The daily and monthly variability of Arctic ozone are very different in the anomalous years. The chemical impact is pronounced in the strongest ozone loss years (1997 and 2011), but not obvious in the weakest ozone loss years (1999 and 2010). The daily variations in the weak ozone loss years could be regulated by weather system processes. The Arctic ozone variations are modulated by the atmospheric circulation, accounting for change of the Artic Oscillation (AO), polar vortex and stratospheric temperature. When the AO index is positive and the polar vortex is stronger with colder stratosphere, the Arctic ozone loss is larger. When AO index is negative and polar vortex is weaker with a warmer stratosphere, the Arctic ozone loss is smaller.