应急避难场所可在灾害发生后供居民紧急避难、救援和疏散，是国家公共安全和应急管理的重要组成部分。评价应急避难场所的承载力，对于推进韧性城市建设、促进城市可持续发展具有重要意义。北京是世界上仅有的3个地处8级高地震烈度区的首都之一，也是我国最早建设应急避难场所的城市，在应急避难方面具有典型性和代表性。本文采用遥感影像、POI等多源数据，构建基于AHP-EWM多目标决策的城市应急避难场所承载力评价模型，并以人口分布比较集中的北京市五环区域为例进行分析评价。首先，从安全性、可达性、有效性和保障性4个方面构建应急避难场所承载力评价指标体系；其次，采用层次分析法AHP、熵权法EWM主客观赋权，并用最大离差平方和理论求解权重系数；然后，构建多目标决策评价模型，对应急避难场所承载力进行评价；最后，考虑灾害发生后的复杂性，对不同避难情景下的承载力进行模拟分析。结果表明，北京五环应急避难场所承载力整体较好，但二-三环承载力为优的区域占地面积为0，存在环域间的不均衡性。本文的研究为城市应急避难场所承载力评价提供定性和定量的依据，也为应急避难场所的规划布局和资源高效配置提供决策支持。

Emergency shelters can be used for sheltering, rescue and evacuation of residents after a disaster, and are an important part of national public security and emergency management. Evaluating the carrying capacity of emergency shelters is of great significance in promoting the construction of resilient cities and the sustainable development of cities. Beijing is one of only three capital cities in the world located in a high seismic intensity zone of magnitude 8, and it is also the earliest city in China to build emergency shelters, which is typical and representative in terms of emergency evacuation. In this paper, we use remote sensing images, POI and other multi-source data to construct an evaluation model of the carrying capacity of urban emergency shelters based on AHP-EWM multi-objective decision-making, and take the Fifth Ring Area of Beijing, where the population distribution is relatively concentrated, as an example. Firstly, the evaluation index system of carrying capacity of emergency shelters is constructed from four aspects: safety, accessibility, effectiveness and security. Secondly, the subjective assignment method, i.e., Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and the objective assignment method, i.e., Entropy Weighting Method (EWM), are used for the subjective-objective combination of assignments, and the maximum sum of squares of deviations theory is used to solve the weighting coefficients. Then, the multi-objective decision-making evaluation model is constructed to evaluate the carrying capacity of the emergency shelters. Lastly, considering the complexity after the disaster, the carrying capacity under different evacuation scenarios is simulated and evaluated. The results show that the carrying capacity of the Fifth Ring Area of Beijing is good, but the carrying capacity of the second and third rings is zero, and there is an imbalance between the rings. This study provides qualitative and quantitative basis for the evaluation of the carrying capacity of urban emergency shelters, and also provides decision support for the planning and layout of emergency shelters and the efficient allocation of resources.