合成孔径雷达（Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR）是一种主动式微波成像传感器，能够不受光照条件限制，对全月面（特别是极区永久阴影区）实现高分辨率微波成像，并且可以穿透月球表面揭示次表层结构与物质特性，在月球探测中发挥着不可或缺的作用。本文首先梳理了月球探测中SAR的发展脉络，介绍了我国探月工程四期嫦娥七号月SAR系统概况。接着从月球表面物质特性、形貌构造和水冰探测三个方面对SAR数据在月球科学问题研究中的应用情况进行了系统性总结。在此基础上探讨了月SAR数据应用时存在的诸多难点和发展趋势，为我国后续探月工程中SAR载荷系统设计、雷达数据处理和图像解译应用提供支撑。

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is an active microwave imaging sensor that can achieve high-resolution microwave imaging of the entire lunar surface (especially permanently shadowed regions) without the limitation of lighting conditions. The penetration of SAR enables it to reveal the structure and properties of the subsurface, which makes it playing an indispensable role in lunar exploration. This paper first outlines the development of SAR in lunar exploration and introduces the overview of the lunar SAR system of Chang"E-7 mission in the fourth phase of China"s Lunar Exploration Project. Subsequently, the application of SAR data in lunar scientific research is summarized systematically from three aspects: material characteristics of lunar surface, morphological structure, and water ice detection. On this basis, many difficulties and trends in the application of lunar SAR data are discussed to support the design of SAR payload systems, radar data processing, and image interpretation applications in China"s future lunar exploration projects.