月表冷异常是月球科学研究关注的重要内容之一。相对于热红外冷点异常,本文基于嫦娥二号微波辐射计数据,结合月表可见光、热红外和地形数据,首次在莫斯科海发现并提出了一种新的低亮温差异常,在史密斯海确认了这种冷异常的存在；以亮温差正常的嫦娥五号着陆区为参考,发现当前已知成分无法解释低亮温差异常的成因,很有可能是一种尚未被探测到的成分造成的；通过对阿波罗盆地和巴尔默隐月海地区低亮温差异常的研究,发现低亮温差异常很有可能来自撞击事件对月壳深部物质的挖掘,代表了月壳成分在纵向上的不均匀性。论文结果对进一步研究月球分层结构提供了新的重要参考。

The cold anomaly on the lunar surface is a significant focus in lunar science research. In this study, Chang"e-2 microwave radiometer data integrating with visible, thermal infrared, and topographic data, an unexploited low brightness temperature difference anomaly was identified and proposed in the Mare Moscoviense. The existence of this cold anomaly was confirmed in Mare Smythii. Using the Chang"e-5 landing site with a normal brightness temperature difference as a reference, it was observed that known components cannot explain the genesis of the low brightness temperature difference anomaly, suggesting the possible involvement of yet undetected elements. Through the investigation of low brightness temperature difference anomalies in Apollo basin and Balmer region, it was found that these anomalies likely result from impact events excavating subsurface materials, indicating the vertical heterogeneity of lunar crust components. The findings of this paper provide crucial new insights for further research on the lunar stratigraphic structure.