红树林是重要的蓝碳生态系统,对于维持全球海洋碳循环,减缓气候变化速率具有重要意义。遥感因其重复性好、分辨率高和成本低廉的特点,能更好地实现红树林碳资源的统计和管理。本文对红树林碳库遥感研究进行了梳理,根据研究内容和深入程度将红树林碳库遥感研究的发展历程划为三个阶段：早期探索阶段(2007~2012年)主要面向全球红树林制图,研究提取红树林的空间结构信息；中期应用研究阶段(2013~2015年)在前期研究成果基础上估算红树林碳储量；全面发展阶段(2016年以后)碳储量估算精度不断提高,研究热点趋向于环境因素对红树林碳库的影响机制。梳理了光学遥感和雷达遥感两种遥感方法的研究现状,并探讨了两种遥感技术融合分析的结果改进程度,再进一步讨论各种红树林碳模型在估算红树林碳储量及模拟红树林碳循环研究中的性能。从生物碳库与土壤碳库两个重要的红树林碳库出发,回顾了二者碳储量的相关研究。生物碳库主要由植被的根茎叶中储存的碳构成,是红树林初级生产力的主要影响因素,受人类活动及自然影响剧烈,碳储量有较大的波动范围。土壤碳库储存的碳约占红树林总碳储量的49~98%,是红树林生态系统中最大的碳库,但对其的研究数量较生物碳库来说相对较少,存在着遥感数据获取难度大、光学特征复杂等待解决的问题。结合红树林生态系统在碳中和目标中的重要地位及应用前景,探讨了无人机遥感技术和人工智能领域等方面在红树林碳库估算中的应用潜力。

Mangroves are important blue carbon ecosystems that play a significant role in maintaining global marine carbon cycles and mitigating the rate of climate change. Remote sensing, due to its advantages of good repeatability, high resolution, and low cost, can better facilitate the monitoring and management of mangrove carbon resources. This paper reviews the research progress of remote sensing-based mangrove carbon reservoirs and categorizes the development into three stages based on the research content and depth: the early exploration stage (2007-2012), which primarily focused on global mangrove mapping and the extraction of spatial structural information; the mid-term application research stage (2013-2015), which estimated mangrove carbon stocks based on previous research achievements; and the comprehensive development stage (after 2016), characterized by improving accuracy in carbon stock estimation and a research focus on the impact mechanisms of environmental factors on mangrove carbon reservoirs. The current status of optical remote sensing and radar remote sensing methods is reviewed, and the degree of improvement in results through the fusion analysis of these two remote sensing techniques is explored. Furthermore, the performance of various mangrove carbon models in estimating carbon stocks and simulating carbon cycling in mangroves is discussed. Starting from the two important carbon reservoirs of biomass and soil in mangroves, relevant research on their carbon stocks is reviewed. The biomass carbon reservoir is primarily composed of carbon stored in vegetation roots, stems, and leaves, and it is a major influencing factor in mangrove primary productivity. However, the biomass carbon stock is highly affected by human activities and natural influences, resulting in significant fluctuations. The soil carbon reservoir, which accounts for approximately 49-98% of the total carbon stock in mangroves, is the largest carbon reservoir in mangrove ecosystems. Nevertheless, research on soil carbon reservoirs is relatively limited compared to biomass carbon reservoirs, primarily due to challenges in acquiring remote sensing data and dealing with complex optical characteristics. Considering the significant role of mangrove ecosystems in carbon sequestration and the achievement of carbon-related goals, the need for improvements in applying mangrove carbon sinks to carbon accounting and statistics is analyzed, and the potential applications of unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing technology and artificial intelligence in mangrove carbon stock estimation are explored.