水资源的可持续发展(SDG 6)是联合国其他目标能够实现可持续发展的基础。海南岛地处热带,拥有丰富的海水资源,但是淡水资源环境却比较脆弱。本文基于联合国可持续发展评估体系,结合海南岛的实际情况,对可持续发展目标六的指标进行本地化,收集市县两级的统计数据和遥感数据,引入 Co$ting Nature 生态系统服务模型中的自然水质足迹(NFWQ)指标,构建更完善的可持续发展评估框架。通过对海南岛市县的评估发现：(1)SDG指数得分(0-100分)表明,海南岛的可持续发展水平得到了显著提高,2015 - 2021年,海南岛大部分市县SDG 6得分呈螺旋式上升趋势。(2)2015 - 2021年,在18个市县中,省会海口市和旅游城市三亚市的SDG 6 指数总得分最高。屯昌县、五指山市和琼中黎族苗族自治县的增长速度排名前三,分别为：91.4%、74.2%和73%。(3)海南岛整体SDG 6发展水平分布不均匀,呈现出中东部高、南北稳定、西部低的空间格局。本文引入的生态系统服务指标和海南岛市县级的本土化评价体系,为海南省落实国家“十四五”规划,打赢“六水共治”攻坚战提供决策支持。

The sustainable development of water resources (SDG 6) is the foundation on which other United Nations goals can be realized. Hainan Island, located in a tropical region, has abundant seawater resources, but the freshwater resources environment is relatively fragile. Based on the United Nations Sustainable Development Assessment System (SDAS) and the actual situation of Hainan Island, this paper localized the indicators of SDG 6, collected statistical data and remote sensing data at the city and county levels, and introduced the natural water quality footprint (NFWQ) indicators in the Co$ting Nature ecosystem service model to construct a more complete sustainable development assessment framework. The assessment of the cities and counties on Hainan Island found that, firstly, the SDG index scores (0-100 points) indicate that the level of sustainable development on Hainan Island has been significantly improved, and that most of the cities and counties on Hainan Island showed a spiral upward trend in their SDG 6 scores in 2015 - 2021. Secondly, among the 18 cities and counties, Haikou, the provincial capital, and Sanya, a tourist city, had the highest total SDG 6 index scores in 2015 - 2021. Tunchang County, Wuzhishan City and Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County ranked the top three in terms of growth rate, with 91.4%, 74.2% and 73%, respectively. Thirdly, the overall SDG 6 development level of Hainan Island is unevenly distributed, showing a spatial pattern of high in the central-east, stable in the north and south, and low in the west. The ecosystem service indicators introduced in this paper and the localized evaluation system at the city and county levels of Hainan Island provide decision support for Hainan Province to implement the National Fourteenth Five-Year Plan and win the campaign of "Six Waters Joint Governance ".