临边散射卫星遥感技术为平流层臭氧的长时序动态监测提供了有价值的数据集。自2001年搭载在Odin卫星平台上的OSIRIS载荷以来,该技术领域的发展已历经20余年。后续的搭载在ENVISAT卫星平台上的SCIAMACHY载荷,搭载在Suomi NPP卫星平台上的OMPS载荷均包含临边散射探测模块。根据载荷的波段设置、光谱分辨率、信噪比等信息,通过正向辐射传输模型和反演方法,可以获得臭氧廓线、NO₂廓线、BrO廓线及平流层气溶胶和云等信息。本文综述了星载临边散射技术的进展,包括仪器、正向快速辐射传输模型、反演算法、产品及应用四个方面,总结了临边散射技术仍存在的问题及未来的发展趋势。在正向模型方面,临边散射的模拟需要在球面大气条件下,考虑大气散射、折射、气溶胶参数化方案及仪器特性,从而实现不同切线高度的辐射模拟。在反演算法方面,需要在波长精校正、指向信息校正、杂散光校正的基础上,通过构建观测矢量,借助正向模型的模拟结果和观测辐射进行大气参数的信息提取。基于临边散射探测技术的数据集在分析平流层臭氧动态变化及其相关的氮氧化物(如NO₂)、卤素(如BrO)及平流层云和气溶胶监测方面发挥了重要作用。对临边散射技术的综述可为我国拟发射的包含临边散射探测能力的载荷如FY-3F上拟搭载的OMS临边模块,大气高精度温室气体卫星上拟搭载的EMI_NL临边模块的仿真分析、地面数据处理系统的建设及应用潜力挖掘提供参考。

Satellite-based limb scattering measurement technique had provided valuable data sets for long-term dynamic monitoring of stratospheric ozone and ozone-related atmospheric components, such as NO₂ and BrO. Since the OSIRIS onbord the Odin satellite platform in 2001, the development of this field has gone through more than 20 years. Following by SCIAMACHY carried on the ENVISAT platform and OMPS carried on the Suomi NPP platform, both include limb scatter detection capability. Based on the design specifications of the payloads, such as wavelength coverage, spectral resolution, signal-to-noise ratio and instrument response function et al, with a radiative transfer model (RTM) capable of simulating the observed limb radiance at a series of tangent heights, O₃, NO₂, BrO profile, stratospheric aerosol and cloud information can be retrieved from limb scattering spectra. In this paper, we reviewed the development of satellite-based limb scattering technique, including instruments characteristics, RTM, inversion algorithms, products and applications. In terms of forward models, the simulation of limb scattering needs to consider atmospheric scattering (single and multiple scattering), refraction, aerosol parameterization schemes and instrument characteristics under full spherical atmospheric conditions. In the aspect of retrieval algorithms, the wavelength shift correction, pointing information correction and stray light correction are needed to construct observation vectors for atmospheric parameters. The retrieved parameters had played an important role in analyzing stratospheric ozone dynamics and its related nitrogen oxides (e.g.NO₂) and halogen (e.g.BrO), as well as monitoring stratospheric clouds and aerosols. This paper can provide reference for the simulation analysis and ground data handling system construction based on domestic limb scattering payloads that are planned to be carried on the FY-3F and High-precision Greenhouse gases Monitoring Satellite (HGMS)