土地覆盖变化影响局域的能源和水平衡，并在全球范围内促进碳的净排放。基于欧空局气候变化倡议项目最新发布的1992年—2015年300 m分辨率的全球土地覆盖数据集，本文分析了1992年—2015年“一带一路”沿线主要土地覆盖类型变化的时空特征及其驱动力。研究结果表明：1992年—2015年沿线耕地、草地和建设用地面积分别增加190.00×10³ km²、57.97×10³ km²和260.39×10³ km²，森林、灌木、湿地和水体面积分别减少61.14×10³ km²、34.22×10³ km²、74.28×10³ km²和44.41×10³ km²。2000年—2015年与1992年—2000年相比，沿线土地覆盖变化的区域空间格局基本一致，但区域变化呈现了新的特征。东南亚区建设用地扩张明显加速，耕地面积增速下降，森林面积减速上升，灌木面积减速下降明显；东亚区建设用地持续高速扩张，耕地面积持续减少，森林面积减速明显下降，草地面积持续增加；中东欧区建设用地扩张速度明显下降，耕地面积减速上升；俄罗斯建设用地扩张持续缓慢，森林面积稳中有升，草地和灌木面积增速下降。分析进一步显示人口增长、气候变化、社会经济发展和政府相关政策是造成沿线国家土地覆盖变化的主要驱动因素。

Land Use/Cover Change (LUCC) impacts local energy and water balance and promotes a net carbon emission to the atmosphere globally. Based on the latest released annual ESA Climate Change Initiative (CCI) global land cover dataset, which provides long time sequenced land cover changes at 300 m resolution from 1992 to 2015, the spatio-temporal characteristics and driving forces of major land cover change along the Belt and Road Initiative were analyzed. Results indicated that cropland, grassland, and built-up land increased by 190.00×10³ km², 57.97×10³ km², and 260.39×10³ km², respectively, whereas forest, shrub, wetland, and water decreased by 61.14×10³ km², 34.22×10³ km², 74.28×10³ km², and 44.41×10³ km², respectively. In addition, the spatial patterns of land cover changes during 2000—2015 in the Belt and Road Initiative was consistent with that of the period 1992—2000. However, some new characteristics of land cover changes emerged in different regions of the Belt and Road Initiative in 2000—2015. The rates of built-up land expansion and forest loss increased in Southeast Asia, whereas the rates of cropland growth and shrub loss decreased significantly. The built-up land continued to expand at a high speed, and the area of grassland increased in East Asia, whereas the area of cropland continued to decrease, and the rate of forest loss has dropped significantly. The expansion rate of built-up land decreased in Central and Eastern Europe, whereas the rate of cropland shrinkage accelerated. In Russia, built-up land expansion slowed down continually, and forest area increased slightly. In addition, the growth rates of grassland and shrub decreased in Russia. The analysis further shows that population growth, climate change, socio-economic development, and government-related policies are the main drivers of land cover change in countries along the Belt and Road Initiative.