遥感综合试验对于遥感科学技术的发展起到重要作用，无论是基础研究还是遥感应用都需要试验提供支撑。从2018年开始，遥感科学国家重点实验室针对遥感自身发展和遥感面向地表圈层深化应用面临的科学问题，在滦河上游流域组织了小滦河流域复杂地表碳循环遥感综合观测试验，本文旨在介绍该试验的目标、区域、观测参数、观测方法以及对未来研究的展望，以期望为今后开展其他遥感试验及相关研究提供有益的参考和帮助。该试验采用星机地协同综合观测的方式，选择主要的在轨运行卫星数据及覆盖此流域的遥感产品作为主要数据；针对典型区域开展航空及无人机遥感试验，搭载光学传感器设备，获取典型区域水热循环、碳循环等关键参数；并同步开展地面观测试验，在典型实验区开展大气、植被和土壤关键参数的精细观测。目前已系统的开展了地面测量试验、无人机遥感试验及航空遥感试验，并同步收集了卫星遥感数据，形成了一套丰富的星—机—地配套遥感实测数据集。在试验的推动下，遥感科学国家重点实验室于2020年在试验区架设了多座综合观测塔，并配置了多种观测设备，开启了长时间序列观测任务，虚拟试验场的构建和机理生态模型的运行也在同步开展。小滦河流域复杂地表碳循环遥感综合试验利用星—机—地一体化的监测方法有效获取了地表水、能量和碳循环的关键参数，为遥感机理模型发展、反演方法检验和尺度转换研究提供了关键的基础数据。目前已用来建立遥感机理模型的综合检验平台，分析和改进传统模型和遥感产品在复杂地表的适用性，阐明流域尺度碳水耦合的物理过程。

Comprehensive remote sensing experiments play an important role in the development of remote sensing science and technology. Both the fundamental research and application of remote sensing need to be supported by experiments. The State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science (SLRSS) has organized a large remote sensing experiment for the studies of carbon cycle over complex land surfaces in the upper reaches of the Xiaoluan River basin since 2018. This paper is targeted to introduce the objectives, study regions, observation parameters, methods and prospects of the experiment and to provide a useful reference for the design of remote sensing experiments.The experiment adopted the satellite, airborne, and ground-based remote sensing, collected the data from the satellites in orbit and the remote sensing products covering the study region. The aerial and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) remote sensing experiments were carried out with optical sensors to obtain key parameters of water cycle, carbon cycle and energy flow. Ground observation experiments were synchronously carried out to monitor the key parameters of atmosphere, vegetation and soil.Rich amount of remote sensing data were collected from ground observation experiments, UAV and aerial remote sensing experiments. Driven by the experiment, the SLRSS set up a number of comprehensive observation towers in the experimental area in 2020, equipped with a variety of observation instruments and started long time series observation task. The construction of the large scale virtual scenery for remote sensing experiment and the operation of the BEPS (Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator) model are being carried out.The comprehensive experiment on carbon cycle at complex surfaces in Xiaoluan River basin has effectively obtained the key parameters of surface water, energy and carbon cycles by using the satellite, airborne, and ground-based remote sensing. The experiment provides the important basic data for the development of remote sensing mechanism model, inversion method and scale transformation research. It has been used to establish a comprehensive validation platform for remote sensing mechanism models, to improve the applicability of remote sensing products at complex surfaces, and to clarify the physical process of carbon-water coupling on watershed scale.