蓬勃发展的信息化时代对于稳定精准的定量遥感信息获取提出了迫切需求。遥感对地物目标信息的精准获取，从根本上取决于对遥感载荷性能及其长期业务运行期间状态变化的综合定标。“十一五”以来，中国科学院定量遥感信息技术重点实验室牵头国内优势单位，系统性设计实现了面向定量遥感的高分辨遥感综合定标技术体系，研建形成“包头高分辨遥感综合定标场”（简称“包头场”）。该定标场具有集载荷严格航空校飞、卫星在轨定标与性能检测、产品真实性检验功能于一体的空天高分辨遥感载荷外场综合定标能力，所展现的综合定标与测试功能得到国际对地观测领域的广泛认可，并被科技部授牌为“国家高分辨遥感综合定标场”。本文从高分辨遥感发展趋势下的定标技术需求出发，阐述了包头场的系统构成和各项功能，及其在高分辨率遥感载荷定标和性能评价中的成功应用，以期为遥感科研人员提供参考。

The increasingly developing information age puts forward urgent need for stable and precise quantitative remote sensing information. The accuracy of ground object information retrieved by remote sensing technology is essentially decided by the sensor performance and timely evaluation of its variation occurred during long-term operational running. Since the “11th Five-Year Plan”, the Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has organized relevant domestic advantageous institutions to design and realize the comprehensive calibration technical system for high resolution remote sensors which is dedicated to quantitative remote sensing, and built up the “Baotou Comprehensive Calibration Site for High Resolution Remote Sensors” (the Baotou site, for short). From the top-level viewing, the Baotou site consists of five main systems: (1) the standard test targets system, which contains a variety of permanent artificial optical targets, portable artificial optical targets, optical geometric control point targets, permanent bases for SAR corner reflector, SAR corner reflectors and natural scene targets. Within these miscellaneous targets, the knife-edge/greyscale dual functional target is a natural-material-paved permanent target for simultaneous evaluation of sensor radiometric/spatial/spectral characteristics, which is the first one in China and the largest one in the world; the microwave/optical dual functional artificial target is dedicated to directly detecting SAR/optical image resolution, which is the first one in the world. (2) the ground/atmospheric truth measurement system, which contains the automatic observation system for target characteristics, the automatic measurement system for atmospheric environment parameters, the surface flux automatic observation system, other ground feature measurement devices and the real-time monitoring system of automatic observation data. (3) the aerial flight test technical system, which contains the flight test standard sensors, the flight control & management system, the sensor ground calibration & testing system and the aerial flight data in-situ fast processing system. (4) the observation data processing and analysis system, which contains the RadCalNet automated radiometric calibration data processing system, the sensor performance analysis & evaluation system and the target characteristics knowledge base. (5) the basic guarantee facilities, which contains the test flight guarantee facilities, the ground test guarantee facilities and the logistical guarantee facilities. The rich types of optical/microwave targets and diverse environment measurement devices assure the polyfunctionality and flexibility of the site shown in various RS calibration/validation tasks. In general, the Baotou site can afford field comprehensive calibration for airborne/spaceborne high resolution remote sensors, which involves rigorous test flight for sensor performance, sensor on-orbit calibration and performance evaluation, and remote sensing product validation. Its powerful capability in comprehensive calibration and test has been widely acknowledged in the international earth observation community, and it was entitled the “National Calibration and Validation Site for High Resolution Remote Sensors” by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China. This paper will firstly point out the calibration requirements conforming to the trend of high resolution remote sensing, then describe in detail the system structure of the Baotou site and its miscellaneous functions, and finally show some successful applications based on the Baotou site in high resolution sensor calibration and performance evaluation, which can provide references for researchers in remote sensing field.