中国地区大气CO₂浓度对全球气候变化有重要的影响。本文基于日本GOSAT卫星短波红外CO₂的长期观测数据，对2010年—2016年中国大陆上空CO₂浓度的分布特征和变化趋势进行分析研究。利用高精度的地基TCCON站点CO₂观测对GOSAT CO₂数据进行精度验证，结果表明，GOSAT CO₂具有较高的精度，相对TCCON CO₂的偏差为－1.04±2.10 ppm，两者的相关系数高达0.90；利用中国地区7年的GOSAT CO₂观测数据分析研究显示，CO₂浓度高值主要分布在中国的浙江—江苏—安徽地区、京津冀地区和湖南—湖北—河南—陕西地区；截至2016年，中国大部地区CO₂浓度超过400 ppm；中国大陆CO₂平均浓度呈现明显的逐年增长趋势，从2010年的387.76 ppm增长到2016年的402.18 ppm，年增长率约为2.31 ppm/a，略高于同期全球平均水平。

Atmospheric CO₂ concentration over China has significant effects on the global climate change. To reliably predict the impact of atmospheric CO₂ on global climate change, it is necessary to clarify the distribution and variation of atmospheric CO₂ concentration. Based on long term short-wavelength infrared CO₂ dataset observed by GOSAT, the temporal variation and spatial distribution characteristics and variation trend of atmospheric CO₂ concentration was investigated and analysed over China during 2010 to 2016. To ensure the quality of GOSAT CO₂ dataset used in this paper, the GOSAT XCO₂ dataset was validated with high precise XCO₂ from ground-based TCCON sites. Multi-year mean of XCO₂ was illustrated to show the spatial heterogeneity of CO₂ concentration over China. Interannual variation and annual growth of XCO₂ was also presented and discussed. The results showed that GOSAT XCO₂ dataset was biased by -1.04±2.10 ppm with respect to TCCON XCO₂, and the correlation coefficient was 0.90 between them. Seven years (2010~2016) of GOSAT CO₂ dataset showed that high CO₂ concentrations were mainly located in Zhejiang-Jiangsu-Anhui region, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and Hunan-Hubei-Henan-Shanxi region in China. The CO₂ concentration reached 400 ppm over most regions in China until 2016. The annual average of CO₂ concentration showed an increase trend year by year over China, increasing from 387.76 in 2010 to 402.18 ppm in 2016. The annual growth rate of CO₂ concentration was evaluated to be 2.31 ppm/a during this period over China, which was slightly higher than the average in the world. This paper shows that the CO₂ concentration observations from satellites could provide some references for the climate change response strategies and atmospheric environment control.