高精度影像立体定位是月球地形测绘的基础。对嫦娥1号光学传感器方位元素误差和方位元素相关性对影像定位影响进行了仿真, 并建立了适合稀少、低精度控制点条件下月球光学影像区域网平差模型。该模型通过在月心直角坐标系(SOCS)进行影像空中三角测量来消除月球曲率引起的误差和测图范围限制, 通过轨道形状的拟合与插值来减小摄影时刻轨道位置的偶然误差, 在飞行坐标系中建立轨道修正模型来减少定向参数的数目, 对轨道和姿态增加约束条件来提高月面控制点数目稀少及精度低条件下外方位解算的精度与可靠性。文中以克莱门汀10条轨道60景约195000 km2月球南极区面阵影像和ULCN2005控制网为数据源, 进行了不同方案的平差试验。通过对仿真和试验结果分析, 得出月球遥感影像定位部分有益的结论。

High-accuracy 3D image positioning is considered as the foundation of lunar topographic mapping. This study simulated the influence on image positioning from errors and correlations of Chang’e-1 optical sensor orientation elements, and established the rigorous block adjustment model suitable for lunar optical remote sensing images. The errors and area limits caused by the lunar curvature were avoided in this model established under the Selenocentric Orthogonal Coordinate System (SOCS), the accidental errors of exterior line elements were reduced by orbit fitting and interpolation, the polynomial orders of systematic errors in satellite orbits were decreased with their expression in the flying coordinate system moving and rotating with satellites, and the reliability of exterior orientation solution was enhanced under the condition of sparse and low accuracy control points by appending constraint of orbit and attitude parameters. Finally, 60 scenes of Clementine images near the south pole of the Moon were utilized in 10 strips with the area of around 195000km2 and ULCN2005 GCPs as the experimental data, and a series of helpful results was achieved on image positioning of the Moon.