面向"人"地学可视化中的"人".主要从地学可视化系统的使用者(简称"应用人"),从地学可视化要表达的地球表层系统地理环境中的社会人(简称"社会人").以及从作为能地理认知与思维、能表达/传递地理知识及知识创新的"人"(简称"知识人")3个方面定义.从上述3个方面建立了面向"人"的地学可视化概念框架.在面向"应用人"方面,主要介绍了协同可视化以及自我参照可视化;在面向"社会人"方面,主要阐述个体日常行为时空路径可视化、群体行为模拟可视化,以及社会关系网络可视化;在面向"知识人"方面,主要讨论知识可视化.本文最后从本体框架、信息采集与获取技术、数据组织与表达模型、可视化表达方法、主体概念方面,对于面向"人"GIS以及可视化的关键问题与技术进行了探讨.

It is argued that the fundamental framework of current GIS is mainly designed from the land/landscape oriented perspective. W ith the deveopmentoftransportation, communication, network, and computers, human beingsplay more and more mi portant roles in the man-landscape ecosystems, and the traditional GIS, which is land/landscape oriented or place based, isnotenough to dealwith human highlighted geoprocesses. For instance, the currentcommercial GIS can notwell support themodeling ofdisease spatiotemporal transmission among people. Thus,human orientedGIS is to study the representation, computation, smi ulation and analysis of human distribution in tmi e and space, and of the spatiotemporal characteristics and laws of social and economic organizations and activity behavior within geographic environments. From the perspective ofgeovisualization, and on the basis of the human oriented GIS concept, this paper discusses human-oriented geovisualization. Humans in human-oriented geovisualization is classified into three types,namely SystemUser, SocialHuman, andKnowledgeHuman respectively in terms ofusers ofGIS orvisualization systems,studied objective social behavior and activities of people in man-land relation systems, and representation of spatial cognition and geospatial knowledge of people. A conceptual framework of human-oriented geovisualization is then\naddressed based on the three kinds of human. Collaborative visualization and egocentric visualization are discussed according to system user oriented geovisualization. In view of social human oriented geovisualization, the paper presents the latest research on visualization of space-tmi e path, visualization of crowd smi ulation, and visualization of social network. In terms of knowledge human oriented visualization, knowledge visualization is related to the theory and methodology ofgeo-diagram and geospatial informationTupu. The paper finally explores the key issues and technologies in human oriented GIS and geovisualization from aspects of ontology, information acquiring technique, data organization,representationmode,l visual representationmethods, and subject concept.