依据心智表达的双重编码理论、地理的空间图形思维特点以及支持可视化知识探析需求,讨论地理知识可视化中知识图的定义与特点,并把地理知识图分为地理概念命题图与地理相似图解图,地理相似图解图又可分为逻辑拓扑相似图、空间结构相似图、变量关系相似图以及地理过程相似图.以黄土高原的小流域淤地坝系规划为案例,研究了支持坝系空间规划知识图中的概念命题图与相似图解图的形式、种类及其相互关系.

As a new field ofvisualization, knowledge visualization is to usemaps, graphics, or mi ages to constructand\ntransfer insights and knowledge between at least two persons. In view ofgeovisualization, geographic diagram, geo-infor-\nmaticTupu, and visual analytics are cutting edge researches on visual and graphic representation and discovery of geo-\ngraphic knowledge. Thus, this paper focuses on the discussion of geographic knowledge visualization in terms of general\nknowledge visualization and geographic diagram. In the paper, the conceptand characteristics ofknowledgemaps in geo-\ngraphic knowledge visualization aremainly explored according to the dualcoding theory ofrepresentation ofmental mi ages,\nfeatures ofgeospatial thinking, and need for supporting visual exploration ofgeo-knowledge.\nGeo-knowledgemaps are defined as cognitive and abstractmaps related to geo-problems, geographic spatiotemporal\ndistribution, relationship ofgeographic factors, and so on. They should be fit formental mi age representation and cogni-\ntive process, and helpful for human spatialmemory, thinking and mi agination to mi prove capability to handle geo-prob-\nlems. Considering mi ages like digitalphotos and remote sensing mi ages, they allmmi ic the physicalworld in real lifewith-\nout any abstract contents ofhuman thinking and reasoning. Therefore, thispaperdefines thesemmi ic mi ages asgeo-infor-\nmation mi ageswhich have differences from geo-knowledgemaps thatexpresshuman knowledge about the realworld. Geo-\nknowledgemaps have two kinds: weak and strong. Weak geo-knowledgemaps havemore objective, concrete, andmmi ic\ndescription, while strongmaps aremore subjective and abstract.\nGeo-knowledgemaps have two classes: conceptpropositionalmaps and analogue diagrammaticmaps. Conceptpropo-\nsitionalmaps highlightverbalhandling ofgeographic phenomena, while analogue diagrammaticmaps representgeographic\ngraphics and mi ages. W ith regard to analogue diagrammaticmaps, there are further four types: logic and topological smi i-\nlarmaps, spatial structure smi ilarmaps, variable-relationship smi ilarmaps, and process smi ilarmaps. As a case study, a\nfew ofpracticalknowledgemaps for supporting spatial planning ofdam systems inwatersheds are presented.