地图空间认知理论是地图学的基础理论,其基本命题是"地图是人类空间认知工具",核心概念是认知地图.对认知地图的形成进行了全面的总结,给出了地图空间认知的过程框架,进行了基于纸质地图、电子地图、遥感影像和虚拟地理环境阅读的认知实验.论文认为基于阅读行为的认知地图形成过程是从整体到局部的,这和基于亲历的过程是不同的;在基于阅读行为建立对环境的空间认知过程中,大比例尺和小比例尺是存在差异的;基于阅读的认知草图基本上属于"空间型"草图,以区位导向为主;四种不同的认知手段所造成的空间认知结果也是不同的.

The theory ofmap space cognition is a basis ofcartography. The proposition that“map is a spatial cognitive\ntool ofhuman being”is a basic proposition of the theory and cognitivemap is its core conception. The theory of space\ncognition focuses on the essentialmethodology and principles ofhuman being in the process of spatial cognition, so it is\nverymeaningful to various scientists.\nThis paper summarizes the cognitive map formation comprehensively. It proposes a framework of it, and discusses\nessential elements and supplementary elements of cognitive map. A series of cognitive expermi ents using papermaps,\nelectronicmaps, remote-sensing mi ages andVGEs (virtualgeographical environment) of small scale and large scale have\nbeen finished. While the scalewas fixed, all these kinds of expermi entdatawere in the same place in order to facilitate\nthe comparison of the expermi ent results. This paper analyzes the results of each kind of expermi entdata.\nConclusions of the analysis are: the cognitive effect of data of small scale from better to worse by order are paper\nmap, electronicmap, VGE and remote-sensing mi age; the cognitive effect of data of big scale from better to worse by\norder areVGE, remote-sensing mi age, papermap and electronic map; cognitive map formation based on reading is a\nprocess from whole to partswhich differs from the formation based on personal experience; and the formationswith data of\nsmall or large scales are different; the cognitive sketchmap based on reading is a“spatial”sketchmapwhich isguided by\nposition and direction; supplementary elements of cognitivemap are proved existing.