利用遥感生物地球化学的原理和方法,分析了德兴铜矿的重金属污染状况和植物盐肤木的生物地球化学效应,对盐肤木生物地球化学效应的波谱特征进行了系统的提取和分析.研究发现酸、铜、镉等是德兴铜矿地区主要的环境污染因子,野外调查及样品的化验分析表明盐肤木对铜元素呈现一定的富集作用和很强的位移效应,是适合铜矿复垦的植被.利用导数光谱、包络线去除、红边效应、植被指数等光谱信息处理方法对盐肤木的野外波谱分析表明,随着叶片中Cu等金属元素含量的增大,其产生的毒化效应的波谱特征越明显,盐肤木叶片光谱反射率明显升高,波形蓝移,红边陡坡斜率增大,叶绿素吸收深度变浅,吸收中心稍有蓝移,水的吸收深度变浅,吸收中心位置红移,绿度指数变化明显.对波谱特征及其与重金属含量的相关关系综合分析后认为,红边特征、植被指数NDVI、叶绿素吸收深度与叶片铜含量关系显著,可以作为植被铜污染遥感图像特征提取的参考.

The activities ofmining produce great heavymetal pollution which threatens the surrounding ecosystem and human s health, the heavymetals can be transported to the surrounding soi,l river and underground water. The heavy metal s stress to the biology can cause the variation ofplants and community, which is called biogeochemistry effects. The excessive copper mi pedes the growth and developmentofvegetation, such as greenness decreasing, photosynthesi sweakening, and the absorption capacity ofother elements decreasing. The leaves of the vegetation lackwater and getwithered,so the spectral characteristics changewith the influence of the stress.Dexing coppermine is an oversizemulti-metalmine bed in our country. The development ofmining has caused the pollution ofmine environment, such as the ecologic problem inmine vegetation, land, water and the heavy pollution of solid waste and tailingwater, particularly, the pollution ofheavymetals such as copper. These problems have influenced\nthe growth ofvegetation greatly.This paper studies the heavymetal contamination and the biogeochemistry responses ofvegetationRhus chinensisMill inDexing coppermine area. The spectralcharacteristicsofthe responses are systematically extracted and analyzedwith the principles andmethods of remote sensing biogeochemistry.Acid, Cu, Cd are themain environmentalpollution factors, the copper content in the soil ismuchmore than the national environment standard and the pH value of thewater in the lower reaches of the river is about three over the year.The plantRhus chinensisMillhas enriched and translocated responses to copper, thisplant is suitable for the environ-mental recoverywhich is one of themain vegetation and growswell in the area. From spectral processing such as derivative technology, continuum-removed spectra, red edge, vegetation index, we can get that the spectral position effects are notable to the influence ofheavymetals. W ith the increasing of the influence ofheavymetal stress:(1) the spectral reflectance ofRhus chinensisMillincreases obviously, about5%—30%,(2) spectral shape blue-shiftoccurs, about5—15nm,(3) the red edge slope increases, from 4.5534 to 8.9475, the variation is up to five,(4) the chlorophyll absorption depth decreases, the absorption center is near680 nm and blue-shift,(5) thewater absorption depth becomes lower and red-shiftoccurs about10—20nm,(6) vegetation indices alterobviously, the ratioB4/B3is from 18.763 to13.1839, indicating the decrease ofchloro-phyll content in leaves, theWEI( water effect index) changes from 0.098014 to0.226503, indicating the increase of in-tensity ofwater stress effect.Then some predominantcharacteristics are selectedwhich are suitable for the evaluation ofheavymetalpollutionwith the comprehensive analysis of spectral characteristics and the correlation between them and the contents ofheavymetals.