船舶探测与监视有着广泛的军事和民用意义,遥感技术是船舶探测的有效手段。近年来,在渔业活动监测的推动下,欧盟开展了一系列的船舶遥感探测研究,特别是IMPAST和DECLIMS项目,集中了欧盟内外多家相关领域的研究力量,发展和完善了一系列船舶遥感探测、分类及识别的方法和技术,评估了现阶段船舶遥感探测技术的发展现状和水平,指出了现阶段普遍存在的问题,并对未来SAR系统的研制提出了需求。此外,目前在欧盟范围内已经建立了多个船舶遥感探测和监视系统,包括在IMPAST和DECLIMS项目执行过程中发展起来的英国Q inetiQ的M aST、挪威FFI的E ldhuset、挪威Kongsberg的M eosV iew、欧盟JRC的VDS、法国Kerguelen的CLS和法国BOOST船舶遥感探测系统等;此外,还有非项目合作单位所发展的系统,如英国DERA、罗马大学和意大利A len iaAerospazio公司的船舶探测系统等,文章对这些系统的构成和运行情况进行了详细介绍。最后,文章分析了欧盟船舶遥感探测技术和系统发展现状对我国的借鉴意义。

Ship detection and surveillance are of great significance in military and civilian domain,for which remote sensing technology serves as an efficient method.In recent years European Union has carried out a series of research on ship detection using remote sensing technology driven by fishery activity monitoring.Especially under the IMPAST and DECLIMS programs many research institutes within and outside European Union have been concentrated together.Through the two programs a series of methods on ship detection,classification and identification have been developed and in proved,state of the art and common problems in ship detection based on remote sensing have been found,and technical requirements for future SAR system are proposed.Besides,many ship detection and surveillance systems have been set up within European Union,including QinetiQ's MaST,FFI's Eldhuset,Kongsberg's MeosView,JRC's VDS,Kerguelen's CLS and BOOST's ship detection system,which are developed under IMPAST and DECLIMS programs,as well as several systems developed apart from those two programs such as ship detection system developed by DERA,Rome University and Alenia Aerospazio company.This paper introduces the composition and function of these systems in detail.In the end the paper analyzes the reference meaning for China of EU's ship detection technology and system development.