水色遥感的基础之一是水体光谱特征测量与分析。水体光谱特性包括两个方面 :表观光学特性(AOPs)和固有光学特征 (IOPs)。该文主要讨论与水色遥感基本参数直接相关的表观光学量的测量与分析。现场表观光谱的测量从方法上可分为两类 :剖面测量法和水表面以上测量法。两种方法相对独立 ,适用范围上具有互补性。该文主要针对水面以上测量法进行讨论。水色遥感一般要求表观光谱特性的测量必须能够导出离水辐射率LW、归一化离水辐射率LWN、遥感反射率Rrs、和刚好处于水面以下 0 -深度的辐照度比R等。国际上有关水色的测量规范中 ,仅有针对大洋一类水体的。中国的近岸水体和湖水绝大部分是二类水体 ,因此该文也将对二类水体光谱测量的有关参数化问题进行讨论。同时 ,对数据分析处理中的一些关键参数的确定 ,提出新方法。

One of basis of water color remote sensing is to obtain and analyze the optical properties of the waterbodies. The optical properties of waters includes two aspects，Apparent Optical Properties （AOPs）and Inherent Optical Properties （IOPs）. Generally speaking，there are two relatively independent and complementary methods of in situ AOPs measurements， the profiling method and above water method. This paper focus on an above-water method for the measurements of the AOPs which are directly related to the water color sensing parameters. In order to meet ocean color sensing requirements， the in situ measurements have to be able to derive：water-leaving radiance Lw ，the normalized LwN ，remote sensing reflectance Rrs ，irradiance reflectance just beneath water surface R（0 - ），etc. NASA ocean optic protocols deal mainly with CASE-Ⅰ waters，while the most waterbodies of our coastal zone and lakes are CASE-Ⅱ ones. The CASE-Ⅱ water related measurement parameterization will be discussed. Some new methods are given for deriving the critical parameters in processing and analysing the data from above-water method.