国家空间信息基础设施(NSII)建设为我国各级政府机构管理决策和人民大众日常生活起居服务，有力地推动着人地系统科学领域的诞生和发展。这个领域是一个对人类和人类赖以生存、发展的地球所构成的矛盾对立统一系统(简称人地系统)及其矛盾双方相互作用、相互影响的行为特征、演化过程、分布规律、调控效果等进行动态监测、分析研究、模拟试验和因势利导的新生、交叉学科领域，具有极大的实用性、包容性和综合性。人地系统科学的发展，反过来又指导和推动着我国NSII建设的健康发展，减少盲目性、避免失误和损失。这种互动关系是贯穿本文始终的一条主要线索。文中前半部分论述了：描述人地系统、子系统及其双方互动行为、内容、方式的概念模型；人地系统科学领域细分为区域、专题、实验和技术等四个人地系统学科分支的考虑以及人地系统科学的运作模式等内容。后半部分则具体说明了这个学科在解决我国NSII应用任务目标、工作边界圈定、数据共享途径以及组织分工协作等问题时的应用情况。

Human Earth System Science(HESS) is a new inter discipline between natural and social sciences to monitor, analyze, simulate, control and guide the behavior, evolution, distribution and effects of interaction systems between human and earth where they have lived and developed. The science and its applications to development of National Spatial Information Infrastructure(NSII) in China are separately presented in two parts of this pater. In the first part, as study achievements, a conceptual model, branch definition and an operational mode of HESS are introduced. The conceptual model describes the construction of the system and interactive relationships of its components. Four branches divided from HESS include regional, thematic, experimental and technical ones. The operational mode put the development and applications of the science into an iterative loop of decision making and routine activities. All of the achievements made to the development and applications of HESS have a solid theoretical basis and very bright future. In the second part, the ways to solve the problems of NSII development in China, guided by the theory of HESS as mentioned before, are demonstrated. The problems include objectives and application scopes, working boundaries, ways of data sharing and partnership formulation of NSII. Obviously, it is very significant for the development of NSII in China reasonably to deal with these kinds of problems.